Journal: iScience

Article Title: Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals dual sensing of HIV-1 in blood Axl + dendritic cells

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106019

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: CD169 (Siglec-1) Antibody, anti-human, PE-Vio770 Clone 7-239 , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-098-640, RRID: AB_2655549.

Techniques: Virus, Infection, Recombinant, Transfection, Electron Microscopy, Staining, Cell Isolation, Purification, Reverse Transcription, SYBR Green Assay, Sequencing, Software, FCAP Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Multiple Immunostainings with Different Epitope Retrievals—The FOLGAS Protocol

doi: 10.3390/ijms23010223

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secondary antibodies, chromogens, fluorophores and metals. Except DAPI, the fluorophores not directly coupled to antibodies are linked to streptavidin for binding of biotinylated antibodies. Abbreviations: RTU: ready to use, AP: alkaline phosphatase, HRP: horseradish peroxidase. Tb: Terbium, Er: Erbium.

Article Snippet: , 170Er (conjugated to CD163 clone EDHu-1) , , - , Fluidigm (SKU 201300).

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Slow viral propagation during initial phase of infection leads to viral persistence in mice

doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02028-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b C57BL/6 mice were infected with 2 × 10 4 pfu LCMV-WE (WE), and LCMV-Docile (Docile). At day 2 post-infection, spleen tissues were stained for LCMV antigen NP, CD169, CD11c, and B220 ( a ) or CD90.2, F4/80, and Ly6c ( b ) (representative sections are shown ( n = 4) scalebar = 20 µm). C57BL/6 mice were infected with LCMV-WE (WE), LCMV-Docile (Docile), or WE together with Docile (WE + Docile). c , d At day 2 post-infection, numbers of c splenic cDC (CD11c + MHC-II + ) and pDC (B220 + Siglec-H + ) were determined ( n = 9, gating strategy is shown in Supplementary Fig. ). d Co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, and CD86 were measured on splenic cDC ( n = 6). e Serum IFN-α concentrations were determined at the indicated time post-infection ( n = 9). f Serum IL-6, g serum TNF-α, h serum IL-1β concentrations were measured at the indicated timepoints ( n = 5). (Error bars show SEM, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and ns indicates statistically not significant between the indicated groups).

Article Snippet: Antibodies against CD169 (Bio-Rad), CD11c, B220, CD90.2, F4/80, Ly6C (ebioscience), donkey-anti-rat secondary antibody (jackson immunoresearch), and self-made anti-LCMV monoclonal antibody (Clone: VL-4), were used.

Techniques: Infection, Staining

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Left , Representative immunostaining of macrophages in the splenic marginal zone expressing CD169 (red) and Tim4 (green); DAPI nuclear staining (blue). Right , FACS contour plots for CD169 and Tim4 expression in splenic CD45 + CD11b low F4/80 low cells and quantitation of Tim4 expression in CD169 + MMMs; n=4. B . Top Left , FACS pseudocolor plots of circulating Ly6C monocytes with histograms identifying CD169 + and CD169 − populations within Ly6C low monocytes, and corresponding cell quantitation; NTM, normalized to mode. Top Right , principal component analysis of top 500 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from bulk RNAseq of sorted Ly6C low CD169 − and Ly6C low CD169 + cells, and heat maps with dendrograms for 334 DEGs (q<0.05) between the same sub-populations. Bottom , FACS pseudocolor plots of circulating Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in naïve and spx mice blood with flow histograms identifying CD64 and MHCII surface expression (in black), together with quantitation of frequency or absolute number of the populations shown; n=5-7, statistics: unpaired t test. C. Top, Representative blood FACS dot plots and quantitation of tdTomato (Tdt) expression in blood Ly6C + monocytes from CX3CR1 CreERT ; Rosa26 tdTomato mice after a tamoxifen (TAM) pulse to induce Cre recombination. Shown are data from several time points after TAM and 14 d after splenectomy (Spx) performed at 26 d post-TAM; *p<0.05, n=3, statistics: unpaired t-test. Bottom , representative FACS plots showing CD169 expression in Tdt+ cells 26 d post-TAM pulse and overlay of the CD169 + Tdt + cells (green) on blood Ly6C + monocytes. D . Top , UMAP plots derived from single cell RNA sequencing of blood leukocytes from 3 naïve mice (∼400K total cells, 11 identified cell clusters), heat map demonstrating CD169 ( Siglec1 ) expression primarily in the monocyte cluster, and quantitative expression of select macrophage genes in cells with and without CD169 expression (adjusted FDR p values are shown). E . Left, FACS plots identifying CD169 + Tim4 + cardiac macrophages in intact and Spx mice, overlay of these macrophages on contour plots of CCR2 and LYVE1 expression (in intact mice), and quantitation of overall LYVE1 and CCR2 expression (n=6). Right , quantitation of frequency and number of cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + LYVE1 low macrophages naïve and Spx C57BL/6 mice; n=5-7/group, statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Expressing, Staining, Quantitation Assay, Derivative Assay, RNA Sequencing

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . FACS plots and group quantitation for circulating Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in sham-operated and MI wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice 1 d post-MI; n=4/group, statistics: unpaired t test. B. Left , Flow histograms demonstrating surface expression of CCR3 and CCR4 in Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages from the same groups; statistics: unpaired t test, NTM, normalized to mode, y-axis represents cell counts. Right , chemokine gene expression by RT-PCR (normalized to 18s) in the myocardial border zone (BZ) 1 d after MI or sham operation; n=4-5/group, statistics: unpaired t test. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 versus sham. C . Left , Circulating Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + cell frequency prior to and 1 d after MI in Spx mice; n=9, statistics: paired t test. NS, not significant. D. FACS density plots, histograms, and quantitation of cardiac Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in WT and Spx mice 1 d post-MI or sham operation; n=4-7/group, statistics: unpaired t test. E . Immunostains and FACS dot plots of splenic CD169 + MMMs (red) 24 h after MI or sham operation, and quantitation of MMM frequency by FACS and spleen weight (Wt); n=5-7/group, statistics: unpaired t test. TL, tibia length. F . Left , FACS dot plots and histograms, and corresponding quantitation, of blood and heart Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + Bioparticle + cells from sham and MI mice given 10 mg/kg Texas Red-conjugated bioparticles i.v. 3 h before sacrifice; n=3-4/group, statistics: unpaired t test for blood and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for heart (non-normal distribution). Right, quantitation of splenic BioParticle + MMMs in the same experimental mouse groups; statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Expressing, Gene Expression, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Left , Parabiosis schema joining CD45 isotype-mismatched host (spleen-intact or after splenectomy [Spx]) and donor parabiont mice, with MI induced in the host. Middle and Right , FACS plots and quantitation of donor chimerism in host mouse blood (total CD45 + leukocytes) and heart (Ly6C low CD169 + macrophages) in spleen-intact and Spx host mice 48 h after MI. n=4-7/group, statistics: unpaired t-test. B Top Left , Parabiosis schema joining CD169 DTR host and donor parabiont MaFIA mice, with host mice given either vehicle or diphtheria toxin (DT) at the time of MI. Right , Representative FACS dot plots of donor GFP + CD169 + macrophages in 48 h post MI hearts from host mice and flow histograms of CD169 expression in GFP + CD64 + MHCII + Tim4 + cells delineated as NTM or cell counts. Bottom Left , quantitation of GFP + frequency in host cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages and total CD169 + Tim4 + cells as a percentage of all autofluorescent(Auto) + macrophages in vehicle and DT treated host MI mice; n=3-4/group, statistics: unpaired t test. C. Left , Parabiosis schema joining CD169 DTR host mice and either spleen-intact or Spx MaFIA donor parabionts, with host mice given DT at the time of MI to deplete CD169 + macrophages. Right , Example FACS dot plots and quantitation of donor CD45 + Auto + CD64 + MHCII + GFP + CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in the host MI heart 48 h post MI; n=3-4/group, statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Expressing

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Left, FACS pseudocolor plots of cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages and separation based on LYVE1 surface expression in naïve and 1 d post-MI mice. Right , quantitation of LYVE1 hi and LYVE1 low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in hearts from naïve and 1 d post-MI mice. n=4-6/group; statistics: unpaired t test. B . Heat map of 462 significant (p adjusted<0.05) DEGs by RNAseq analysis in sorted LYVE1 hi and LYVE1 low CD169 + Tim4 + cardiac macrophages 1 d post-MI. C. PCA plots using the top 500 DEGs after rlog transformation of RNAseq data from these macrophages sorted from the indicated sites in naïve and 1 d post-MI mice. D. Left , Flow histograms depicting LYVE1 surface expression on cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages (green) and total Autofluorescence + CD64 + MHCII + macrophages (brown) in WT and Spx mice, 1 d post-MI. Right , FACS quantitation of LYVE1 hi and LYVE1 low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in the hearts of WT and Spx mice, 1 d post-MI; n=5-6/group. Statistics: unpaired t test. E. Representative confocal micrograph of border zone (BZ) myocardium immunostained for CD169 (red) and Tim4 (green) 1 d post-MI in WT and Spx mice; nuclear staining with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 200 μm. Inset shows magnified images of CD169 and Tim4 staining. Yellow arrows indicate double positive cells; scale bar 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitation Assay, Transformation Assay, Staining

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: FACS plots and quantitation of Ly6C low CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages and total Ly6C low cells in blood ( A ) and in heart ( B ) 1 d post-MI in wild-type (WT) and splenectomized (Spx) WT mice, and CD169 DTR mice given diphtheria toxin (CD169 DTR /DT) at the time of MI; n=5-7/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. Isotype antibody is shown in gray. C . FACS plots and group data for blood CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + neutrophils and ICAM-1/CD54 + neutrophils 1 d post MI in WT, Spx, and CD169 DTR /DT mice; n=6-8/group; statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. D . Left, Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent Ly6G staining in WT, Spx, and CD169 DTR /DT hearts 1 d post-MI demonstrating Ly6G + neutrophil (red) infiltration (arrows); nuclear staining with DAPI (blue). Scale bar 20 μm. Right , FACS plots and corresponding quantitation of cardiac CD45 + CD11b + Ly6G + neutrophils (red) and annexin V + apoptotic neutrophils (blue) in the same groups 1 d post-MI; n=3-4/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Dunnett’sT3 post-test. E . FACS density plots for Lin − c-kit + CD34 + CD16/32 + granulocyte monocyte precursors (GMPs) in bone marrow from WT, Spx, and CD169 DTR /DT mice 1 d post MI, together with quantitation. Flow gates were based on isotype antibody control. n=5-7/group; statistics: one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-test. F . Left , Representative FACS dot plots identifying cardiac neutrophils as CD11b + Ly6G + cells in WT mice and as Ly6G + tdTomato + cells in Catchup mice at baseline and 1 d post-MI. Right Top , Representative histograms of Ly6G and tdTomato fluorescence intensity in heart mononuclear cells from the same groups. Right Bottom , FACS dot plots gated on cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages illustrating tdTomato expression in Catchup mice 1 d post-MI. Auto, autofluorescence. G . Representative FACS histograms of intracellular IL4 and IL10 staining in cardiac Ly6C low cells 1 d post MI in WT, Spx and CD169 DTR /DT mice, together with cell quantitation of the Ly6C low subsets. N=6-7/group; statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. H . Representative FACS pseudocolor plots for intracellular TGFβ and IL10 staining in cardiac CD169 + macrophages 1 d post MI in WT and Spx mice, with accompanying quantitation; n=4-5/group, statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Staining, Control, Fluorescence, Expressing

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Kaplan-Meier survival curves over 10 d following MI or sham operation in WT, Spx, and CD169 DTR /DT mice, and after MI in CD45.2 Spx mice with adoptive transfer of naïve splenic CD169 + Tim4 + cells from syngeneic CD45.1 WT mice 24 h post-MI (Spx-MI+AT). Statistical comparisons: log-rank test. B . Gross images of post-MI cardiac rupture with hemothorax or hemopericardium, and Kaplan-Meier curves for freedom from rupture over 10 d post-MI in WT, Spx, CD169 DTR /DT, and Spx-MI+AT mice. Statistical comparisons: log-rank test. C . Left , Representative post-mortem whole hearts and end-diastolic long-axis 2-dimensional echocardiograms from WT-MI, Spx-MI, CD169 DTR /DT-MI and Spx-MI+AT mice (10 d post-MI). Right , Quantitation of LV ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (EDV and ESV) at 10 d post-MI; n=4-6/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. D . Left , Representative confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for CD206 (green) and iNOS (red) in the heart infarct border zone (BZ) from WT-MI, Spx-MI, CD169 DTR /DT-MI, and Spx-MI+AT mice 10 d post-MI. DAPI (blue) nuclear staining. iNOS + CD206 + cells appear yellow. Higher magnification is shown in the middle panel. Right , quantitation of iNOS + CD206 + and iNOS − CD206 + cells/mm 2 in the hearts. N=3/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. NS, not significant. E . Top Left , Confocal images of MMP-9 immunostaining (red) in infarct BZ of hearts from WT-MI, Spx-MI, CD169 DTR /DT-MI, and Spx-MI+AT mice 10 d post-MI. Nuclear staining with DAPI (blue). Top Right , Quantitative group data for total MMP-9 mean fluorescence intensity per region of interest (ROI). AU, arbitrary units. N=4/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. Bottom , Representative Masson’s trichrome stains of infarcted hearts (10 d post-MI) from the same groups demonstrating MI border zone (BZ) fibrosis, together with BZ fibrosis quantitation. n=4/group; statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. F . FACS quantitation of Ly6C hi blood monocytes and serum IL-10 levels in WT-MI, Spx-MI, CD169 DTR /DT-MI, and Spx-MI+AT mice at 10 d post-MI. N=4-7/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Adoptive Transfer Assay, Quantitation Assay, Staining, Immunostaining, Fluorescence

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . Protocol for LXRα agonist T0901317 treatment (40 mg/kg i.p.) from 1 d prior to 5 d post-MI, with 10 d post-MI follow-up, in WT and Spx mice. B . FACS contour plots and quantitation of cardiac CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages 1 d post-MI and blood CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages 10 d post-MI in untreated and T0901317-treated WT and Spx mice. N=5-6/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. C . Kaplan-Meier survival curves post-MI in untreated and T0901317-treated WT and Spx mice. Statistical comparisons by log-rank test, group sizes as indicated. D . Representative end-diastolic long-axis 2-dimensional echocardiograms and group data for LV ejection fraction (EF) and end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (EDV and ESV) in the same mouse groups at 10 d post-MI; n=5-10/group, statistics: one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test. E . Top , Kaplan-Meier survival curves over 8 w post-MI in WT mice treated with either vehicle or T0901317 from 1 d before MI to 5 d post-MI (statistical comparison by log-rank test, n=12-17/group as indicated) and group data for LVEF, LVEDV, LVESV, and normalized heart and lung weight at 8 w post-MI; n=8-9/group for echocardiography, n=4-7/group for gravimetry. Statistical comparisons: unpaired t test. HF, heart failure; TL, tibia length; NS, not significant. Bottom Left , Representative Masson’s trichrome staining of LV short-axis sections (2x magnification) and infarct border zone (BZ, scale bar 500 μm), along with quantitation of cardiac fibrosis (BZ and remote zone [RZ], blue staining) in vehicle- and T0901317-treated WT HF mice. Also shown are confocal images of immunofluorescent staining for CD206 (green) and iNOS (red) in the RZ of hearts from vehicle-and T0901317-treated HF mice (8 w post-MI) and quantitation of iNOS + CD206 + and iNOS − CD206 + macrophages (Mφ) per mm 2 . Double positive (CD206 + iNOS + ) cells appear yellow (arrows). DAPI (blue) was used for nuclear staining. N=4-8/group, statistics: unpaired t test. Bottom Right , Representative FACS contour plots to identify Ly6C hi monocytes in vehicle- and T0901317-treated WT HF mice (8 w post-MI), and corresponding quantitation. N=5-10/group, statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Quantitation Assay, Comparison, Staining

Journal: medRxiv

Article Title: Splenic CD169 + Tim4 + Marginal Metallophilic Macrophages Are Essential for Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction

doi: 10.1101/2024.08.09.24311769

Figure Lengend Snippet: A . FACS plots and characterization of human CD45 + CD14 + HLA- DR + CD64 + CD169 + Tim4 + circulating macrophages from a subject with acute STEMI. The accompanying overlaid contour plot illustrates CD14 + HLA-DR + (red) and CD64 + CD169 + Tim4 + (green) subsets superimposed on all CD45 + leukocytes in an SSC-A versus FSC-A gate. B . Top , FACS gating strategy for sorting CD45 + CD14 + HLA-DR + CD169 + cells from human peripheral blood for further characterization using ImageStream analysis. Bottom , ImageStream visualization of FACS-sorted CD45 + CD169 + blood cells from STEMI patients and control subjects undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and group data for size distribution of CD169 + cells; scale bar 10 μm. C . FACS contour plots and quantitation of circulating CD45 + CD14 + HLA-DR + CD64 + CD169 + Tim4 + macrophages in STEMI and control PCI subjects. n=11-14/group, statistics: unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Cell suspensions were incubated with anti-mouse CD16/32 (clone 93, BioLegend) for 10 min at 4°C to block Fcγ receptors, and then stained for 60 minutes in staining buffer with anti-mouse fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies in panel appropriate combinations for specific experiments as follows: Ly6C-PE-Cy7 (HK1.4, eBioscience), Ly6C-PE Vio770 (1G7.G10, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.1-FITC (A20, Miltenyi Biotec), CD45.2-PE (104, BD Biosciences), CD169-PE (REA197, Miltenyi Biotec; and 3D6.112, BioLegend), CD11b-Alexa Fluor 700 (M1/70, eBioscience), Tim4-Alexa Fluor 647 (RMT4-54, BioLegend), Gr1/Ly6G-eFluor 450 (RB6-8C5, eBioscience), F4/80-PerCP-Cy5.5 (BM8, eBioscience), MARCO-FITC (ED31, Novus Biologicals), CD45-600 Super Bright (30-F11, eBioscience), CD45-PE-Cy7 (30-F11, BD Biosciences), LYVE1 Alexa Fluor 488 (ALY7, eBioscience), CD45-605 NC (30-F11, eBioscience), CD54(ICAM-1)-PE (eBioKat-1, eBioscience), MHCII (I-A/I-E)-APC-eFluor780 (M5/114.15.2, eBioscience), TGFβ1-APC (TW7-16B4, BioLegend), CD54-FITC (YN1/1.7.4, BioLegend), CD169-PerCP/Cy5.5 (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD169-PE (3D6.112, BioLegend), CD64-Brilliant Violet 605 (X54-5/7.1, BioLegend), CD206-FITC (MR5D3, AbD Serotech), CD45-eVolve 605 (30-F11, eBioscience), CD206-Alexa Fluor 647 (MR5D3, Bio-Rad), IL17A-Alexa Fluor 700 (TC11-18H10.1, BioLegend), CD34-Alexa Fluor 647 (SA376A4, BioLegend), CD117(c-kit)-PE/Cy7 (ACK2, BioLegend), NOS2-TRITC (N-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and CD16/32-PE (93, BioLegend, without pre-Fcγ receptor blocking).

Techniques: Control, Quantitation Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cells incubated with HIV-1 particles were lysed, and cell lysates used for measuring cell-associated p24 gag . The data shown are the mean percent of captured p24 gag (virus) ± SEM of independent experiments performed in triplicates (n = 3 for DC, n = 5 for THP-1, n = 3 for Raji and HeLa). (B) CD169 expressing cell lines and mature DCs were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs and stained for plasma membrane bound CD169 (Surface, top panel) or total CD169 (+ Tx100, bottom panel). CD169 (green), Gag-mCherry VLP (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bars represent 5 μm. (C) Cells incubated with HIV-1 particles were co-cultured with CD4 + T cells to monitor HIV-1 trans-infection. Cells were lysed two days post initiation of co-culture and lysates used for measurement of luciferase activity. Values were normalized to luciferase activity observed in control cells (immature DCs or CD169 low/null control cell lines). The data shown are the means ± SEM of independent experiments performed in triplicates with CD4 + T cells from different donors (n = 3 for DC, n = 4 for THP-1, n = 3 for Raji and n = 4 for HeLa).

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Incubation, Virus, Expressing, Staining, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Cell Culture, Infection, Co-Culture Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Control

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Sequences of wild type and mutant CD169 CTs. The asterisks represent stop codons introduced into the ORFs of the two CT mutants. (B) Western blot analysis of THP-1 cell lysates expressing either wild type or mutant CD169. (C) Cell surface expression of CD169 on THP-1 cells was measured by flow cytometry. (D) Relative cell surface expression of CD169 CT mutants was quantified and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (E) Cells were challenged with HIV-1, washed and cell-associated p24 gag was measured. The data shown is the virus capture by THP-1/CD169 CT mutants (ΔCT or ΔCT4R) normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (F) THP-1/CD169- or THP-1/CD169 CT mutant-mediated trans-infection was determined by measuring luciferase activity in THP—CD4 + T cell co-cultures 2 days post initiation of co-culture. The data shown is the relative virus transmission by THP-1/CD169 CT mutants (ΔCT or ΔCT4R) to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (G) Efficacy of trans-infection was calculated as trans-infection (luciferase activity) per amount of virus captured (cell-associated p24 gag ) and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (set as 100). The data shown are the means ± SEM of three (D to F) or four (G) independent experiments. (H) THP-1/CD169 or THP-1/CD169ΔCT4R cells were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs (red), washed, fixed and stained for CD169 (green) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. WT: THP-1/CD169, ΔCT: THP-1/CD169ΔCT, ΔCT4R: THP-1/CD169ΔCT4R and Vec: empty vector transduced THP-1.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Virus, Infection, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Transmission Assay, Incubation, Staining, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Amino acid sequences of the CTs of wild type (WT) CD169 and mutant CD169YF are shown. Alanine to tyrosine mutation at position 1683 (in red) creates a di-aromatic motif, YF (underlined). (B) Western blot analysis for CD169 expression in THP-1/CD169 and THP-1/CD169YF cell lysates. (C) Representative FACS analysis of cell surface expression of CD169 on wild type and YF mutant expressing THP-1 cells. (D) The mean fluorescence intensity of cell surface expression of CD169 on YF mutant expressing THP-1 cells was quantified and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 (wt) cells (set at 100). (E) Cells were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs and stained for CD81, CD63 or Lamp1 and nucleus. CD81, CD63 or Lamp1 (green), Gag-mCherry VLP (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (F) Co-localization between green (CD81, CD63 or Lamp1) and red (VLPs) signals is reported as mean Pearson’s coefficient ± SEM. Each dot represents a single cell. Two-tailed P values were calculated using unpaired t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. ***: P < 0.0001. (G) Cells were challenged with HIV-1, washed and cell-associated p24 gag was measured. Virus capture observed with THP-1/CD169YF cells was normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (WT; set as 100). (H) Cells challenged with HIV-1/Bal-luc, were washed, co-cultured with CD4 + T cells and lysed at two days post initiation of co-culture for measurement of luciferase activity. The level of virus transmission observed in THP-1/CD169 (wt)—CD4 + T cell co-cultures was set as 100. (I) Efficacy of trans-infection was calculated as trans-infection (luciferase activity) per virus capture (cell-associated p24 gag ) and is shown relative to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (set as 100). The data shown are the means ± SEM of four (D) or six (G to I) independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Expressing, Fluorescence, Incubation, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Virus, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Transmission Assay, Infection

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative FACS analysis for CD169 expression on LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs. (B) HIV-1 capture by immature (NT), IFN-α or LPS-matured DCs was determined by measuring cell-associated p24 gag in cell lysates. (C) HIV-1 transfer to CD4 + T cells, by immature (NT), IFN-α or LPS-matured DCs was determined by measuring luciferase activity in DC—CD4 + T cell co-cultures. HIV-1 capture and transfer experiments were performed in triplicates with DCs isolated from eight independent donors. The individual dot represents a single donor and the means ± SEM are depicted. (D) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs were incubated with fluorescent HIV-1 particles (green) and stained for CD169 (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (E) Representative electron micrographs of LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs incubated with HIV-1. The bottom panels are higher magnification pictures of the area depicted within the highlighted squares in the top panels. Arrows indicate virus particles. Scale bar represents 1 μm for top panels and 500 nm for bottom panels. (F) Cells were incubated with HIV-1 and stained for HIV-1 p24 gag (green) and CD169 (red). Cells were imaged by FPALM super resolution microscopy. The top panels represent a single LPS or IFN-α matured DC while the middle panels show cross sections along the a — b line indicated in the top panels. The bottom panels are pictures enlarged from the area depicted within the highlighted (dotted) squares in the middle panels. Scale bars represent 1 μm in the top and middle panels and 500 nm in the bottom panels. LPS: LPS-treated DCs, IFN-α: IFN-α-treated DCs, Immature: immature DCs.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Expressing, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Isolation, Incubation, Staining, Virus, Super-Resolution Microscopy

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental procedure utilized for testing the susceptibility of HIV-1 particles captured by CD169 to extracellular protease treatment is depicted. (B) Representative FACS analysis of cell surface expression of CD169 on LPS-DCs. (C) Relative cell surface expression of CD169 expression was measured by flow cytometry and normalized to that observed with untreated control (NT, set at 1). The data shown are the means ± SD of five (LPS-DCs, Trp), nine (LPS-DCs, Prn) and two (IFN-DCs, Typ and Prn) independent experiments with DCs from different donors. (D) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs, incubated with HIV-1, were treated with pronase or trypsin. The amount of virus particles left associated with cells following protease treatments was determined by measuring cell-associated p24 gag and the values were normalized to that observed with untreated cells (NT). The data shown are the means ± SD of four (LPS-DCs, Trp), seven (LPS-DCs, Prn) and two (IFN-DCs, Typ and Prn) independent experiments with DCs from different donors. (C and D) Two-tailed P values were calculated using one sample t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. *: P < 0.05, ***: P < 0.0001. Trp: trypsin-treated sample, Prn: pronase-treated sample.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control, Incubation, Virus, Two Tailed Test

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and B) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs incubated with fluorescent HIV-1 particles, were stained for either surface-exposed gp120 (A) or CD169 (B) on living cells (Surface, top panels) or total gp120 (A) or CD169 (B) on cells after fixation and TritonX-100 treatment (+ Tx100, bottom panels). HIV-1 particles (green), gp120 or CD169 (red) and nucleus (blue). The arrowheads indicate green HIV-1 particles in VCCs that were not stained by surface-applied antibodies. Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (C and D) Co-localization between HIV-1 particles and gp120 (C) or CD169 (D) is reported as Manders’ coefficients. Each dot represents a single cell and the means ± SEM are shown. The data shown is a representative experiment using DCs isolated from two different donors. (E and F) HIV-1 exposed LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs or cell-free (CF) HIV-1 particles were incubated with increasing concentrations of VRC01 (E), NIH45–46 G54W (F) or sCD4–183 (G) prior to initiation of CD4 + T cell infections. The x-axis shows the concentration of input VRC01 (E), NIH45–46 G54W (F) and sCD4–183 (G) in log μg/ml, and the y-axis shows the percentage inhibition relative to infection without any antibody. The data shown are the means ± SEM of a representative experiment performed in triplicate. (H, I and J) IC50 values for VRC01 (H), NIH45–46 G54W (I) or sCD4–183 (J) are shown as mean ± SEM and each dot represents data obtained from cells derived from an independent donor. Two-tailed P values were calculated using unpaired (C and D) or paired (H, I and J) t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. * P<0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.0001, n.s.: not significant.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Isolation, Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Infection, Derivative Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: Capture of HIV-1 particles by CD169 leads to the formation of CD169 + VCCs in LPS-matured DCs. Lateral membrane movement of CD169-bound HIV-1 can result in accumulation of HIV-1 particles in plasma membrane microdomains in LPS-DCs. Multivalent interactions between multiple CD169 and HIV-1 particles and co-factor(s) recruitment might induce localized stress and strain to which the plasma membrane responds by forming invaginations. Arrow indicates lateral movement of CD169-bound HIV-1 particles into the VCC.

Article Snippet: Cells were blocked with 20% normal mouse serum, and CD169 expression was visualized with Alexa647-conjugated anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec).

Techniques: Membrane, Clinical Proteomics

Journal:

Article Title: Trafficking of a Dual-Modality Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Based Nanoprobe to Lymph Nodes

doi: 10.1007/s11307-010-0424-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal microscopy of SCION(AlexaFluor555) localization in politeal lymph node 24 hr post-intradermal injection in hind footpad. Panels b-e, g, and i are magnified regions of interest from LNs panels a, f, and h which capture the LNs as a whole or from their circumference. In all nodes, SCION was primarily found in the subcapsular space, trabelculae, and near the exiting efferent vessel in the medullary and hilum regions. (a-e) B6-albino mouse co-injected with FITC-dextran that localized in CD169+ subcapsular macrophages, whereas SCION particle was observed in LYVE-1+ endothelial cells lining the subcapsular floor (b-d) and hilum (a,e). (f-g) CD11c-EYFP mouse showed minimal uptake of SCION by CD11c+ dendritic cells. (h-i) lys-EGFP mouse biopsy found minimal overlap between SCION and lys+ myelomonocytic cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages)

Article Snippet: Sections were blocked in PBS containing 10% goat serum (Jackson Immuno-Research Laboratories) and stained with unconjugated rat anti-mouse CD169 (Cedarlane, CL89149B) and rabbit anti-LVYE1 (Novus Biologicals).

Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Injection

Journal: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

Article Title: CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1177/1352458517698759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. CD169-expressing phagocytes are increased in the circulation and CNS of EAE animals. (a and b) Spinal cord tissue of EAE animals (20 dpi) stained for (a) CD169 and Iba1 or (b) CD169 and CD11b/c (both 20× magnification). (c) Spinal cord tissue of EAE animals (30 dpi) stained for CD169 and Iba1 (40× magnification). (d) Quantification of the amount of CD169+ cells per image and (e) the percentage of Iba1+ cells expressing CD169 in spinal cord tissue of control and EAE mice (acute (20 dpi) and chronic phase (30 dpi)). For quantification, 20 images per animal with 9 animals per time point were used (20× magnification). (f and g) PBMC isolated from control (n = 7) and EAE mice (acute phase (20 dpi), n = 6; chronic phase (30 dpi), n = 9) were stained for CD14 and CD169. Flow cytometry was used to assess the (f) % of CD14+ cells expressing CD169 and (g) the abundance of CD169 on these cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: For flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs, the following antibodies were used: rat-anti-mouse CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), rat-anti mouse CD14 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD14 PerCP (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium), mouse anti-human CD56 PE-Cy7 (BD biosciences), mouse anti-human CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), and mouse anti-human CD7 PE (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Control, Isolation, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

Article Title: CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1177/1352458517698759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Transient depletion of CD169-expressing cells reduces EAE severity. (a) CD169-DTR mice and WT mice were sacrificed 2 or 8 days after intraperitoneal DTR administration. Splenic sections were stained with CD169 and DAPI (20× magnification). One representative image is shown. (b) Spinal cord tissue of PBS- and DT-treated CD169- DTR EAE animals (30 dpi) stained for CD169 and CD11b/c (20× magnification). EAE animals were treated with PBS or DT every other 5 days, starting 5 dpi. (c) Images show CD169 immunoreactivity on phagocytes 5 days post the last DT treatment. MOG-immunized CD169-DTR animals were treated every other 5 days (arrows) starting 5 dpi with PBS (n = 4; black) or diphtheria toxin (DT, n = 8). Neurological score and weight was assessed daily. Data represent the mean ± SEM. (d) The cumulative disease index and (e) disease onset of immunized CD169-DTR mice treated with PBS or DT. Data represent the mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: For flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs, the following antibodies were used: rat-anti-mouse CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), rat-anti mouse CD14 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD14 PerCP (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium), mouse anti-human CD56 PE-Cy7 (BD biosciences), mouse anti-human CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), and mouse anti-human CD7 PE (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining

Journal: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

Article Title: CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1177/1352458517698759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. The number of circulating CD169+ phagocytes is increased in MS patients. (a and b) PBMCs isolated from MS patients (n = 57) and healthy controls (n = 19) were stained for CD14 and CD169. Flow cytometry was used to assess (a) the percentage of CD14+ cells expressing CD169 and (b) the abundance of CD169 on these cells. MS patients were subdivided based on their treatment regime: no treatment (n = 19), natalizumab (n = 10), beta-interferon (n = 22), and alemtuzumab (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: For flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs, the following antibodies were used: rat-anti-mouse CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), rat-anti mouse CD14 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD14 PerCP (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium), mouse anti-human CD56 PE-Cy7 (BD biosciences), mouse anti-human CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), and mouse anti-human CD7 PE (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Isolation, Staining, Flow Cytometry, Expressing

Journal: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

Article Title: CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1177/1352458517698759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. CD169 is highly expressed in MS brain tissue. (a–g) CNS tissue of non-neurological controls (white matter) and (chronic) active MS lesions were stained for CD169. Overview images of (a) an active and (b) chronic active MS lesion (2.5× magnification). (c) NAWM of non-demented control stained for CD169 (40× magnification). Representative images of (d) perilesional area of active MS lesion, (e) lesion center of active MS lesion, (f) perivascular cuff of active MS lesion, (g) active rim of chronic active MS lesion, and (h) inactive center of chronic active MS lesion (all 40× magnification).

Article Snippet: For flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs, the following antibodies were used: rat-anti-mouse CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), rat-anti mouse CD14 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD14 PerCP (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium), mouse anti-human CD56 PE-Cy7 (BD biosciences), mouse anti-human CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), and mouse anti-human CD7 PE (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)

Article Title: CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis.

doi: 10.1177/1352458517698759

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. CD169 is highly expressed on myelin-containing phagocytes in MS lesions. (a) Fluorescent staining of active MS lesion (green, Iba1; red; CD169; 20× magnification). (b) Fluorescent staining of active MS lesion (green, PLP; red; CD169; 20× magnification). (c) Quantification of the percentage of Iba1+ cells expressing CD169 in active MS lesions. For quantification, 10 images per tissue or MS lesions were used (20× magnification). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: For flow-cytometric analysis of PBMCs, the following antibodies were used: rat-anti-mouse CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), rat-anti mouse CD14 PE (eBioscience, San Diego, CA), mouse anti-human CD14 PerCP (BD Biosciences, Erembodegem, Belgium), mouse anti-human CD56 PE-Cy7 (BD biosciences), mouse anti-human CD169 FITC (Abd Serotec), and mouse anti-human CD7 PE (BD Biosciences).

Techniques: Staining, Expressing

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Cells incubated with HIV-1 particles were lysed, and cell lysates used for measuring cell-associated p24 gag . The data shown are the mean percent of captured p24 gag (virus) ± SEM of independent experiments performed in triplicates (n = 3 for DC, n = 5 for THP-1, n = 3 for Raji and HeLa). (B) CD169 expressing cell lines and mature DCs were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs and stained for plasma membrane bound CD169 (Surface, top panel) or total CD169 (+ Tx100, bottom panel). CD169 (green), Gag-mCherry VLP (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bars represent 5 μm. (C) Cells incubated with HIV-1 particles were co-cultured with CD4 + T cells to monitor HIV-1 trans-infection. Cells were lysed two days post initiation of co-culture and lysates used for measurement of luciferase activity. Values were normalized to luciferase activity observed in control cells (immature DCs or CD169 low/null control cell lines). The data shown are the means ± SEM of independent experiments performed in triplicates with CD4 + T cells from different donors (n = 3 for DC, n = 4 for THP-1, n = 3 for Raji and n = 4 for HeLa).

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Incubation, Expressing, Staining, Cell Culture, Infection, Co-Culture Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Sequences of wild type and mutant CD169 CTs. The asterisks represent stop codons introduced into the ORFs of the two CT mutants. (B) Western blot analysis of THP-1 cell lysates expressing either wild type or mutant CD169. (C) Cell surface expression of CD169 on THP-1 cells was measured by flow cytometry. (D) Relative cell surface expression of CD169 CT mutants was quantified and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (E) Cells were challenged with HIV-1, washed and cell-associated p24 gag was measured. The data shown is the virus capture by THP-1/CD169 CT mutants (ΔCT or ΔCT4R) normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (F) THP-1/CD169- or THP-1/CD169 CT mutant-mediated trans-infection was determined by measuring luciferase activity in THP—CD4 + T cell co-cultures 2 days post initiation of co-culture. The data shown is the relative virus transmission by THP-1/CD169 CT mutants (ΔCT or ΔCT4R) to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells. (G) Efficacy of trans-infection was calculated as trans-infection (luciferase activity) per amount of virus captured (cell-associated p24 gag ) and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (set as 100). The data shown are the means ± SEM of three (D to F) or four (G) independent experiments. (H) THP-1/CD169 or THP-1/CD169ΔCT4R cells were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs (red), washed, fixed and stained for CD169 (green) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. WT: THP-1/CD169, ΔCT: THP-1/CD169ΔCT, ΔCT4R: THP-1/CD169ΔCT4R and Vec: empty vector transduced THP-1.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Infection, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Co-Culture Assay, Transmission Assay, Incubation, Staining, Plasmid Preparation

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Amino acid sequences of the CTs of wild type (WT) CD169 and mutant CD169YF are shown. Alanine to tyrosine mutation at position 1683 (in red) creates a di-aromatic motif, YF (underlined). (B) Western blot analysis for CD169 expression in THP-1/CD169 and THP-1/CD169YF cell lysates. (C) Representative FACS analysis of cell surface expression of CD169 on wild type and YF mutant expressing THP-1 cells. (D) The mean fluorescence intensity of cell surface expression of CD169 on YF mutant expressing THP-1 cells was quantified and normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 (wt) cells (set at 100). (E) Cells were incubated with Gag-mCherry VLPs and stained for CD81, CD63 or Lamp1 and nucleus. CD81, CD63 or Lamp1 (green), Gag-mCherry VLP (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (F) Co-localization between green (CD81, CD63 or Lamp1) and red (VLPs) signals is reported as mean Pearson’s coefficient ± SEM. Each dot represents a single cell. Two-tailed P values were calculated using unpaired t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. ***: P < 0.0001. (G) Cells were challenged with HIV-1, washed and cell-associated p24 gag was measured. Virus capture observed with THP-1/CD169YF cells was normalized to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (WT; set as 100). (H) Cells challenged with HIV-1/Bal-luc, were washed, co-cultured with CD4 + T cells and lysed at two days post initiation of co-culture for measurement of luciferase activity. The level of virus transmission observed in THP-1/CD169 (wt)—CD4 + T cell co-cultures was set as 100. (I) Efficacy of trans-infection was calculated as trans-infection (luciferase activity) per virus capture (cell-associated p24 gag ) and is shown relative to that observed with THP-1/CD169 cells (set as 100). The data shown are the means ± SEM of four (D) or six (G to I) independent experiments.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Expressing, Fluorescence, Incubation, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Cell Culture, Co-Culture Assay, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Transmission Assay, Infection

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Representative FACS analysis for CD169 expression on LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs. (B) HIV-1 capture by immature (NT), IFN-α or LPS-matured DCs was determined by measuring cell-associated p24 gag in cell lysates. (C) HIV-1 transfer to CD4 + T cells, by immature (NT), IFN-α or LPS-matured DCs was determined by measuring luciferase activity in DC—CD4 + T cell co-cultures. HIV-1 capture and transfer experiments were performed in triplicates with DCs isolated from eight independent donors. The individual dot represents a single donor and the means ± SEM are depicted. (D) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs were incubated with fluorescent HIV-1 particles (green) and stained for CD169 (red) and nucleus (blue). Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (E) Representative electron micrographs of LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs incubated with HIV-1. The bottom panels are higher magnification pictures of the area depicted within the highlighted squares in the top panels. Arrows indicate virus particles. Scale bar represents 1 μm for top panels and 500 nm for bottom panels. (F) Cells were incubated with HIV-1 and stained for HIV-1 p24 gag (green) and CD169 (red). Cells were imaged by FPALM super resolution microscopy. The top panels represent a single LPS or IFN-α matured DC while the middle panels show cross sections along the a — b line indicated in the top panels. The bottom panels are pictures enlarged from the area depicted within the highlighted (dotted) squares in the middle panels. Scale bars represent 1 μm in the top and middle panels and 500 nm in the bottom panels. LPS: LPS-treated DCs, IFN-α: IFN-α-treated DCs, Immature: immature DCs.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Expressing, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Isolation, Incubation, Staining, Microscopy

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Experimental procedure utilized for testing the susceptibility of HIV-1 particles captured by CD169 to extracellular protease treatment is depicted. (B) Representative FACS analysis of cell surface expression of CD169 on LPS-DCs. (C) Relative cell surface expression of CD169 expression was measured by flow cytometry and normalized to that observed with untreated control (NT, set at 1). The data shown are the means ± SD of five (LPS-DCs, Trp), nine (LPS-DCs, Prn) and two (IFN-DCs, Typ and Prn) independent experiments with DCs from different donors. (D) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs, incubated with HIV-1, were treated with pronase or trypsin. The amount of virus particles left associated with cells following protease treatments was determined by measuring cell-associated p24 gag and the values were normalized to that observed with untreated cells (NT). The data shown are the means ± SD of four (LPS-DCs, Trp), seven (LPS-DCs, Prn) and two (IFN-DCs, Typ and Prn) independent experiments with DCs from different donors. (C and D) Two-tailed P values were calculated using one sample t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. *: P < 0.05, ***: P < 0.0001. Trp: trypsin-treated sample, Prn: pronase-treated sample.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Incubation, Two Tailed Test

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A and B) LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs incubated with fluorescent HIV-1 particles, were stained for either surface-exposed gp120 (A) or CD169 (B) on living cells (Surface, top panels) or total gp120 (A) or CD169 (B) on cells after fixation and TritonX-100 treatment (+ Tx100, bottom panels). HIV-1 particles (green), gp120 or CD169 (red) and nucleus (blue). The arrowheads indicate green HIV-1 particles in VCCs that were not stained by surface-applied antibodies. Representative deconvolved images of single slices of cells are shown. Scale bar represents 5 μm. (C and D) Co-localization between HIV-1 particles and gp120 (C) or CD169 (D) is reported as Manders’ coefficients. Each dot represents a single cell and the means ± SEM are shown. The data shown is a representative experiment using DCs isolated from two different donors. (E and F) HIV-1 exposed LPS or IFN-α-matured DCs or cell-free (CF) HIV-1 particles were incubated with increasing concentrations of VRC01 (E), NIH45–46 G54W (F) or sCD4–183 (G) prior to initiation of CD4 + T cell infections. The x-axis shows the concentration of input VRC01 (E), NIH45–46 G54W (F) and sCD4–183 (G) in log μg/ml, and the y-axis shows the percentage inhibition relative to infection without any antibody. The data shown are the means ± SEM of a representative experiment performed in triplicate. (H, I and J) IC50 values for VRC01 (H), NIH45–46 G54W (I) or sCD4–183 (J) are shown as mean ± SEM and each dot represents data obtained from cells derived from an independent donor. Two-tailed P values were calculated using unpaired (C and D) or paired (H, I and J) t-test in GraphPad Prism 5. * P<0.05, **: P < 0.01, ***: P < 0.0001, n.s.: not significant.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: Incubation, Staining, Isolation, Concentration Assay, Inhibition, Infection, Derivative Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: PLoS Pathogens

Article Title: CD169-Mediated Trafficking of HIV to Plasma Membrane Invaginations in Dendritic Cells Attenuates Efficacy of Anti-gp120 Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004751

Figure Lengend Snippet: Capture of HIV-1 particles by CD169 leads to the formation of CD169 + VCCs in LPS-matured DCs. Lateral membrane movement of CD169-bound HIV-1 can result in accumulation of HIV-1 particles in plasma membrane microdomains in LPS-DCs. Multivalent interactions between multiple CD169 and HIV-1 particles and co-factor(s) recruitment might induce localized stress and strain to which the plasma membrane responds by forming invaginations. Arrow indicates lateral movement of CD169-bound HIV-1 particles into the VCC.

Article Snippet: To determine if VLP containing compartments remained connected to the cell surface, HeLa/CD169 cells (seeded on coverslips in a 24-well tissue culture plate on the day before), THP-1/CD169 cells, Raji/CD169 cells or mature DCs (2x10 5 cells) were incubated with 10 ng p24 gag of VLP Gag-mCherry for 2 hours at 37°C, washed extensively to remove unbound VLPs, chilled to 4°C and stained with Alexa488-conjugated mouse anti-CD169 mAb (AbD Serotec) on ice for 1 hour, prior to fixation with 4% PFA.

Techniques: